Using a structural perspective, we present a framework for understanding the mediator and moderator variables of the relationship between workgroup external range and internal density and group performance. First, we explore key concepts from social network and workgroup theories that act as mediating process variables in the social network - performance relationship. Second, we attempt to unravel the ways in which moderators may play a role in the workgroup social network - performance outcome relationship. Overall, we propose that the complex link between work group social network and performance cannot be understood unless researchers consider these process and contingency variables.