Electrolyte-free potassium ions intercalated in 2D layered metal oxide for imitating spatiotemporal biological neural dynamics

Abstract

Alkali ions are crucial to physiological neural activitiesand their dynamics can be implemented in various iontronics. For the host materials for al preferred choice thanks to their facilitating ion Nevertheless, challenges such as the need for exte and thermodynamic stability during ion movem understanding of the electrical dynamics associated with alkali ion movement has rarely been demonstrated in 2D layered materials so far. Here, layered MnO2 nanoplate with potassium ions combination of potassium ions and layered MnO2 with a subsequent phase transition, resulting in material's distinct hybrid plasticity, driven by its i sequential motion recognition, valuable for ass kali ions, 2D layered materials have become the accommodation and movement between layers. r nal electrolytes, pre-fabrication for ion intercalation, ents still persist. Consequently, the comprehensive we engineered an electrolyte-free high-crystalline 2D by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The exhibits electrically induced ion migration coupled negative differential resistance. Furthermore, the on dynamics, provides a sophisticated platform for essing continuous motion across varied subjects. Finally, we demonstrate the broad applicability spatiotemporal ion modulation within three-t advancements. of our 2D K-MnO2 and highlight its versatility in erm inal structures, showing potential for future