Highly sensitive and label-free protein immunoassay-based biosensor comprising infrared metamaterial absorber inducing strong coupling

Abstract

A mid -infrared label -free immunoassay -based biosensor is an effective device to help identify and quantify biomolecules. This biosensor employs a surface -enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, which is a highly potent sensing technique for detecting minute quantities of analytes. In this study, a biosensor was constructed using a metamaterial absorber, which facilitated strong coupling effects. For maximum coupling effect, it is necessary to enhance the near -field intensity and the spatial and spectral overlap between the optical cavity resonance and the vibrational mode of the analyte. Due to significant peak splitting, conventional baseline correction methods fail to adequately analyze such a coupling system. Therefore, we employed a coupled harmonic oscillation model to analyze the spectral distortion resulting from the peak splitting induced by the strong coupling effect. The proposed biosensor with a thrombin -binding aptamer-based immunoassay could achieve a limit of detection of 267.4 pM, paving the way for more efficient protein detection in clinical practice.