Synergistic Coupling Derived Cobalt Oxide with Nitrogenated Holey Two-Dimensional Matrix as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Metal–Air Batteries

Abstract

Developing cost-effective, efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the heart of metal–air batteries as a renewable-energy technology. Herein, well-distributed nanopolyhedron (NP) Co3O4 grown on iron (Fe) encapsulated in graphitic layers on a nitrogenated, porous two-dimensional (2D) structure, namely, a C2N matrix, (NP Co3O4/Fe@C2N), presents an outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity with a comparable overpotential and Tafel slope to those of benchmark Pt/C and IrO2. Interestingly, the specific interaction between the NP Co3O4 nanoparticles and the C2N matrix introduces synergistic coupling and changes the electronic configuration of Co atoms and the C2N framework. Benefiting from the synergistic coupling of Co3O4 with the C2N matrix, the NP Co3O4/Fe@C2N electrocatalyst exhibits exceptionally high stability and an even lower charge–discharge overpotential gap of 0.85 V at 15 mA cm–2 than that of the Pt/C+IrO2 catalyst (1.01 V) in Zn–air batteries. This work provides insights into the rational design of a metal oxide on a C2N matrix for bifunctional, low-cost electrochemical catalysts.