Advances and challenges in bio-inspired cameras based on flexible and stretchable optoelectronic devices

Abstract

Cameras are a key element in machine vision, which are typically utilized in unmanned mobile devices. However, classical camera designs, which employ complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor image sensor arrays and multiple lenses, do not facilitate module miniaturization. Meanwhile, the structures and functions of biological eyes provide valuable insights for the development of future camera technologies, thus allowing miniaturized form factors and intriguing imaging characteristics to be realized. Here, we summarize recent advances in bio-inspired cameras based on flexible and stretchable optoelectronic devices. First, we present fabrication strategies of curved image sensor arrays using mechanical device designs and intrinsically deformable nanomaterials. Subsequently, we introduce two types of bio-inspired cameras, <italic>i.e.</italic>, single-lens cameras and compound-eye cameras, with emphasis on their unique imaging characteristics and fundamental principles. Finally, we discuss the prospect of bio-inspired cameras, highlighting in-sensor processing strategies that can realize more efficient machine vision systems.