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Slowest-first protein translation scheme: Structural asymmetry and co-translational folding

Author(s)
McBride, John M.Tlusty, Tsvi
Issued Date
2021-12
DOI
10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.024
URI
https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/55686
Fulltext
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349521009930?via%3Dihub
Citation
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, v.120, no.24, pp.5466 - 5477
Abstract
Proteins are translated from the N to the C terminus, raising the basic question of how this innate directionality affects their evolution. To explore this question, we analyze 16,200 structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We find remarkable enrichment of α helices at the C terminus and β strands at the N terminus. Furthermore, this α−β asymmetry correlates with sequence length and contact order, both determinants of folding rate, hinting at possible links to co-translational folding (CTF). Hence, we propose the “slowest-first” scheme, whereby protein sequences evolved structural asymmetry to accelerate CTF: the slowest of the cooperatively folding segments are positioned near the N terminus so they have more time to fold during translation. A phenomenological model predicts that CTF can be accelerated by asymmetry in folding rate, up to double the rate, when folding time is commensurate with translation time; analysis of the PDB predicts that structural asymmetry is indeed maximal in this regime. This correspondence is greater in prokaryotes, which generally require faster protein production. Altogether, this indicates that accelerating CTF is a substantial evolutionary force whose interplay with stability and functionality is encoded in secondary structure asymmetry. © 2021 Biophysical Society
Publisher
CELL PRESS
ISSN
0006-3495
Keyword
CONTACT-ORDERNASCENT CHAININ-VITROPOLYPEPTIDE-CHAINGENE-EXPRESSIONRATESMECHANISMSSTABILITYEVOLUTIONTOPOLOGY

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