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A sleep-like state in Hydra unravels conserved sleep mechanisms during the evolutionary development of the central nervous system

Author(s)
Kanaya, Hiroyuki J.Park, SungeonKim, Ji-hyungKusumi, JunkoKrenenou, SofianSawatari, EtsukoSato, AyaLee, JongbinBang, HyunwooKobayakawa, YoshitakaLim, ChunghunItoh, Taichi Q.
Issued Date
2020-10
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.abb9415
URI
https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/48281
Fulltext
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/41/eabb9415
Citation
SCIENCE ADVANCES, v.6, no.41, pp.eabb9415
Abstract
Sleep behaviors are observed even in nematodes and arthropods, yet little is known about how sleep-regulatory mechanisms have emerged during evolution. Here, we report a sleep-like state in the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris with a primitive nervous organization. Hydra sleep was shaped by homeostasis and necessary for cell proliferation, but it lacked free-running circadian rhythms. Instead, we detected 4-hour rhythms that might be generated by ultradian oscillators underlying Hydra sleep. Microarray analysis in sleep-deprived Hydra revealed sleep-dependent expression of 212 genes, including cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PRKG1) and ornithine aminotransferase. Sleep-promoting effects of melatonin, GABA, and PRKG1 were conserved in Hydra. However, arousing dopamine unexpectedly induced Hydra sleep. Opposing effects of ornithine metabolism on sleep were also evident between Hydra and Drosophila, suggesting the evolutionary switch of their sleep-regulatory functions. Thus, sleep-relevant physiology and sleep-regulatory components may have already been acquired at molecular levels in a brain-less metazoan phylum and reprogrammed accordingly.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science
ISSN
2375-2548

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