The 21 centimeter background from the cosmic dark ages: Minihalos and the intergalactic medium before reionization

Abstract

The H atoms inside minihalos (i.e., halos with virial temperatures T-vir <= 10(4) K, in the mass range roughly from 10(4)M(circle dot) to 10(8)M(circle dot)) during the cosmic dark ages in a ACDM universe produce a redshifted background of collisionally-pumped 21-cm line radiation which can be seen in emission relative to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Previously, we used semi-analytical calculations of the 21-cm signal from individual halos of different mass and redshift and the evolving mass function of minihalos to predict the mean brightness temperature of this 21-cm background and its angular fluctuations. Here we use high-resolution cosmological N-body and hydrodynamic simulations of structure formation at high redshift (z greater than or similar to 8) to compute the mean brightness temperature of this background from both minihalos and the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the onset of Ly alpha radiative pumping. We find that the 21-cm signal from gas in collapsed.. virialized minihalos dominates over that from the diffuse shocked gas in the IGM. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved