Simulation of the Large Scale Structure of the Universe: Shock Waves and Nonthermal Effects

Abstract

Shock waves form in the intergalactic medium (IGM) as a consequence of accretion, merger, and turbulent motions during the structure formation of the universe. The gravitational energy released during the formation is transferred to the intergalactic gas by these shocks. They not only heat gas but also govern nonthermal processes through the acceleration of cosmic rays, production of magnetic fields, and generation of vorticity. Yet, their nature remains largely unknown, because observation of shocks in the IGM is still challenging and scarce. On the other hand, simulation for the formation of the large-scale structure has revealed the general properties of cosmological shocks. Here, we briefly summarize the results from simulation, focusing mainly on cosmological shocks and diffusive shock acceleration.