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Lee, Hyun-Wook
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A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes

Author(s)
Liu, NianLu, ZhendaZhao, JieMcDowell, Matthew T.Lee, Hyun-WookZhao, WentingCui, Yi
Issued Date
2014-03
DOI
10.1038/NNANO.2014.6
URI
https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/18251
Fulltext
http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v9/n3/full/nnano.2014.6.html
Citation
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY, v.9, no.3, pp.187 - 192
Abstract
Silicon is an attractive material for anodes in energy storage devices(1-3), because it has ten times the theoretical capacity of its state-of-the-art carbonaceous counterpart. Silicon anodes can be used both in traditional lithium-ion batteries and in more recent Li-O-2 and Li-S batteries as a replacement for the dendrite-forming lithium metal anodes. The main challenges associated with silicon anodes are structural degradation and instability of the solid-electrolyte interphase caused by the large volume change (similar to 300%) during cycling, the occurrence of side reactions with the electrolyte, and the low volumetric capacity when the material size is reduced to a nanometre scale(4-7). Here, we propose a hierarchical structured silicon anode that tackles all three of these problems. Our design is inspired by the structure of a pomegranate, where single silicon nanoparticles are encapsulated by a conductive carbon layer that leaves enough room for expansion and contraction following lithiation and delithiation. An ensemble of these hybrid nanoparticles is then encapsulated by a thicker carbon layer in micrometre-size pouches to act as an electrolyte barrier. As a result of this hierarchical arrangement, the solid-electrolyte interphase remains stable and spatially confined, resulting in superior cyclability (97% capacity retention after 1,000 cycles). In addition, the microstructures lower the electrode-electrolyte contact area, resulting in high Coulombic efficiency (99.87%) and volumetric capacity (1,270 mAh cm(-3)), and the cycling remains stable even when the areal capacity is increased to the level of commercial lithium-ion batteries (3.7 mAh cm(-2)).
Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
ISSN
1748-3387

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