위성 산출 및 지상 관측 PM2.5 자료를 활용한 미얀마 대기질 모니터링 공백 해소

Abstract

In recent years, Myanmar has faced air quality challenges; however, gaps in air pollution monitoring remain. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of PM2.5 across the Myanmar and Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) area was conducted for 2019-2023 by integrating data from reference stations, a network of 11 PurpleAir low-cost sensors (LCS), and satellite-based Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)reanalysis data. The validation of LCS data against a reference station demonstrated good performance for most sensors, with high correlation coefficients, supporting their applicability for urban-scale spatial mapping. Spatial distribution analysis indicated that PM2.5 concentrations were consistently elevated in the central and south-central areas of YCDC, with peak levels of 35-42 µg/m3 in 2021. Analysis of concentration-meteorology relationships using pollution roses and bivariate polar plots revealed that major pollution sources were in the north-to-northeast direction. Furthermore, Conditional Probability Function (CPF) plots and CAMS data highlighted contributions from both local and regional sources. Local sources included urban traffic and industrial emissions, while regional influences were attributed to biomass burning in the Central Dry Zone and the Shan Plateau in the east, bordering Thailand. These regional contributions appeared to play an important role in seasonal PM2.5 peaks. These findings highlight the need to prioritize industrial emission controls in the northeastern part of Yangon and to strengthen regional cooperation to address transboundary air pollution.