주요 산업항 대기 중 PAHs 및 PAHs 유도체의 오염 특성과 항만 배출량 추정

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, including nitrated (NPAHs), oxygenated (OPAHs), chlorinated (ClPAHs), and brominated PAHs (BrPAHs), are emitted from incomplete combustion and formed via secondary reactions. Industrial ports, characterized by cargo handling and frequent operation of ships and heavy-duty vehicles, represent major sources of these pollutants. In this study, the concentrations, profiles, and potential sources of PAHs and their derivatives in air were investigated at three industrial ports: Okpo, Busan, and Onsan. Air samples were collected using passive air samplers, Soxhlet-extracted, cleaned up using silica gel columns, and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/MS/MS. Emissions of six representative compounds were estimated using the CoZMo-POP2 multimedia model, assuming only primary emissions. PAH and OPAH concentrations were highest at Busan Port, while NPAH, ClPAH, and BrPAH concentrations were elevated at Onsan Port. ClPAH concentrations at Onsan Port were 3.3 and 5.5 times higher than those at Okpo and Busan Ports, respectively, reflecting emissions from the adjacent industrial complex. Estimated emissions were also highest at Busan Port, with 23 kg/yr for 2 PAHs and 10.3 kg/yr for 4 PAH derivatives (9-NAnt, ANQ, 9-ClPhe, 1-BrPyr). These results demonstrate regional variability in PAH-related pollution in industrial ports, highlighting the need for port-specific emission inventories.