베트남 하노이 도심의 대기 입자상 다환방향족탄화수소와 염소화 유도체의 계절 변동, 발생원, 광역 수송

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs) in atmospheric particles were investigated at an urban site in Hanoi, Vietnam, to clarify their occurrence, seasonal variation, and emission sources. Total suspended particles were collected during the cold and warm periods, and 21 PAHs and 24 ClPAHs were analyzed by GC/MS. Potential emission sources and source areas were identified using diagnostic ratios, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and the potential source contribution function (PSCF). The mean concentrations of Σ21 PAHs and Σ24 ClPAHs were 80.5 ± 53.9 ng/m3 and 6.92 ± 4.54 pg/m3, respectively. Both groups showed significantly higher concentrations in the cold period than in the warm period. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were the most abundant PAHs, whereas 2-chloroanthracene and 9-chlorophenanthrene were the dominant ClPAHs. This predominance of low-molecular-weight compounds suggests contributions from both local emissions and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). PAHs and ClPAHs likely shared common emission sources from fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and waste incineration. The influence of LRAT was stronger from the northeastern and southwestern regions in the cold and warm periods, respectively. The result of this study emphasizes the need to consider both local and transboundary sources in developing effective air pollution control strategies.