The Blue Revolution of Marine Waste transformation into Nutraceuticals: A Circular Bioeconomy Solution for Health and Sustainability

Abstract

Marine waste, 'generated from fishery products, seaweeds, micro and macro algae' is a valuable yet underutilized resource, holds significant potential for the development of nutraceuticals. This review examines advanced extraction techniques for isolating high-value bioactive compounds from marine waste, including Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE), and Membrane Separation Technologies (MST). These methodologies enhance nutraceuticals' extraction efficiency, yield, and purity, fostering sustainable eco-friendly processes. Nutraceuticals extracted from seafood waste can reduce the burden of the pharmaceutical industry. This approach significantly contributes to the development of a circular bioeconomy by transforming "trash into treasure". The bioactive compounds extracted from marine waste exhibit considerable potential in addressing major health issues such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders, and nutrient deficiencies. This approach aligns with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) viz. SDG 2 zero hunger, SDG 3 good health and well-being, SDG 6 clean water and sanitation, SDG 12 responsible production and consumption, SDG13 climate action, SDG14 life below water, SDG 15 life on land. Life cycle assessment reveals that valorization reduces carbon foot printing of the products, therefore, highlighting the critical role of marine waste-derived nutraceuticals in enhancing human health and emphasizing the importance of continued research in this promising field.