Toward a More Contextual Approach to Predictive Policing: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

With advancements in data science, predictive policing has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, limited research has examined the technological infrastructure, institutional and political systems, and cultural contexts associated with predictive policing. Utilizing a systematic literature review method, this study classifies the social science literature on predictive policing into decontextualized and contextual approaches. The study suggests future research directions that emphasize a more contextual approach to predictive policing. Decontextualized approaches involve substantive and normative assessments of predictive policing, while contextual approaches address the political and cultural aspects. This study recommends five contextual approaches: critical studies that examine the power dynamics and politics of predictive policing; historical studies of its origins; epistemic cultural studies examining its knowledge-making practices; public-understanding-of-science studies assessing societal perceptions; and organizational sociological studies examining its impact on police officers' task management and social relationships. These approaches deepen the understanding of the feasibility and effectiveness of predictive policing.