SNS-Based Intercultural Contact in an EMI Context: Fostering EFL Learners’ Motivation and Intercultural Competence

Abstract

Despite growing interest in technology for promoting intercultural contact, few studies have examined its comprehensive impact on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ motivation and intercultural competence. This study employs a mixed-method approach to evaluate the effectiveness of social networking service (SNS)-based intercultural contact in an English-medium instruction context. Participants were 77 Korean undergraduates in two sessions of an intercultural communication course: one engaged in SNS-based activities with U.S. students, and the other participated in traditional class activities taught via English. Questionnaires were administered at the start and end of the semester, with a qualitative item on intercultural experiences added for the SNS-contact group. While neither group showed significant changes in extrinsic or intrinsic motivation, the SNS-contact group demonstrated notable growth in intercultural competence constructs, including cultural knowledge, skills, and sensitivity. Motivational orientations were strongly associated with most intercultural competence constructs in this group, suggesting the value of SNS contact for enhancing motivation and EFL learning. By contrast, the non-SNS group exhibited limited intercultural competence development and weaker motivation– intercultural competence links. Qualitative responses revealed both positive and negative perceptions of SNS interaction, such as concerns about low English proficiency shown in online engagement. Findings are discussed in relation to the effective use of technology-enhanced intercultural contact in internationalized higher education.