Influence of a large steel complex on the spatial distribution of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined by passive air sampling using membrane-enclosed copolymer (MECOP)

Abstract

Membrane-enclosed copolymer (MECOPs) samplers containing crystalline copolymers of ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene in polyethylene membranes were used to assess the influence of a steel complex on the level and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air. MECOPs were deployed at six sites in Pohang, Korea for 37 days (August 9, 2005-September 14, 2005). Fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene were dominant PAHs with the highest contribution of phenanthrene (59%) to the total amount of vapor-phase PAHs. The spatial distribution of total PAHs in the vapor phase ranging from 76 to 1077 ng MECOP-1 and air dispersion modeling suggested that the steel complex was the major PAH source in Pohang. It was revealed that the major wind directions rather than the distance from the steel complex were a significant factor affecting the levels of PAHs at the sampling sites. Finally, we tried to convert MECOP concentrations (ng MECOP-1) to air concentrations (ng m-3) with the modified sampling rates (m3 day-1). This study demonstrates again that passive air samplers are useful tools for spatially resolved and time-integrated monitoring of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in ambient air.