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Choi, Sung-Deuk
Environmental Analytical Chemistry Lab.
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Air pollution increases human health risks of PM2.5-bound PAHs and nitro-PAHs in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Author(s)
Hong, YouweiXu, XinbeiLiao, DanJi, XiaotingHong, ZhenyuChen, YantingXu, LinglingLi, MengrenWang, HongZhang, HanXiao, HangChoi, Sung-DeukChen, Jinsheng
Issued Date
2021-05
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145402
URI
https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/52773
Fulltext
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721004708?via%3Dihub
Citation
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, v.770, pp.145402
Abstract
Identifying the nature and extent of atmospheric PM2.5-bound toxic organic pollutants is beneficial to evaluate human health risks of air pollution. Seasonal observations of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated, along with criteria air pollutants and meteorological parameters. With the elevated PM2.5 level, the percentage of 4-ring PAHs and typical NPAH including 3-Nitrobiphenyl (3-NBP) and 2-Nitrofluoranthene (2-NFLT) increased by 19-40%. PM2.5-bound 2-NFLT was positively correlated with O-3 and NO2, suggesting the contribution of atmospheric oxidation capacity to enhance the secondary formation of NPAHs in the atmosphere. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that traffic emissions (44.9-48.7%), coal and biomass combustion (27.6-36.0%) and natural gas and volatilization (15.3-27.5%) were major sources of PAHs, and secondary formation (39.8-53.8%) was a predominant contributor to total NPAH concentrations. Backward trajectory analysis showed that air masses from North China transported to the YRD region increased PAH and NPAH concentrations. Compare to clean days, the BaP equivalent concentrations of total PAHs and NPAHs during haze pollution days were enhanced by 10-25 and 2-6 times, respectively. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCRs) of PAHs by inhalation exposure also indicated high potential health risks in the YRD region. The results implied that the health risks of PM2.5-bound PAHs and NPAHs could be sharply enhanced with the increase of PM2.5 concentrations. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publisher
ELSEVIER
ISSN
0048-9697
Keyword (Author)
PAHsNPAHsPM2.5Health riskThe Yangtze River Delta

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