Tuning the Electrocatalytic Activity of Perovskites through Active Site Variation and Support Interactions

Abstract

We present a series of perovskite electrocatalysts that are highly active for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte. Lanthanum-based perovskites containing different transition metal active sites (LaBO3, B = Ni, Ni0.75Fe0.25, Co, Mn) are synthesized by a general colloidal method, yielding phase pure catalysts of homogeneous morphology and surface area (8-14 m(2)/g). Each perovskite's ability to catalyze the OER and ORR is examined using thin film rotating disk electrochemistry (RDE). LaCoO3 supported on nitrogen-doped carbon is shown to be similar to 3 times more active for the OER than high-surface-area IrO2. Furthermore, LaCoO3 is demonstrated to be highly bifunctional by having a lower total overpotential between the OER and ORR (Delta E = 1.00 V) than Pt (Delta E = 1.16) and Ru (Delta E = 1.01). The OER and ORR pathways are perturbed by the introduction of peroxide disproportionation functionality via support interactions and selective doping of the catalyst. LaNi0.75Fe0.25O3's ability to disproportionate peroxide is hypothesized to be responsible for the similar to 50% improvement over LaNiO3 in catalytic activity toward the ORR, despite similar electronic structure. These results allow us to examine the pathways for OER and ORR in context of support interactions, transition metal redox processes, and catalytic bifunctionality.