기민련(CDU) 정권의 주택 정책 분석: 1950, 1956, 1960년 주택법안을 중심으로

Abstract

This article attempts to examine the formation of German housing policyin the years between 1949 and 1969 when the CDU was in power. Thethree dominant German parties each developed their own housing policy. The SPD tried to address the interests of low-income households byconstructing more social-based housing. The CDU basically preferredthe construction of private houses to social housing. The Liberal DemocraticParty pursued a thoroughly market-oriented housing policy. The clashof these different positions laid the foundation of German housing policyin the early years of the BRD. Three important housing acts were passed during this period. The mainissue of the first housing act, passed in 1950, was the construction ofsocial housing built by private investors. Public grants were providedunder the conditions of rent control and public allocation procedures. Thesecond Housing Act was passed in 1956. A new direction in the financialprograms for social housing was developed. The government tried toencourage the construction of private houses rather than social housing. In addition, the rent control and public allocation procedures were mitigated. The law aimed to promote a market-oriented housing policy. In the samecontext, the third Act was passed in 1960. It would bring an end to rentcontrol. The underlying assumption was that the market would regulateitself best. The consistent tendency which can be found in all three laws is thatthe government put priority on the interests of the middle class andattempted to resolve the housing problem by strengthening the housingmarket rather than through public intervention.

This article attempts to examine the formation of German housing policyin the years between 1949 and 1969 when the CDU was in power. Thethree dominant German parties each developed their own housing policy. The SPD tried to address the interests of low-income households byconstructing more social-based housing. The CDU basically preferredthe construction of private houses to social housing. The Liberal DemocraticParty pursued a thoroughly market-oriented housing policy. The clashof these different positions laid the foundation of German housing policyin the early years of the BRD. Three important housing acts were passed during this period. The mainissue of the first housing act, passed in 1950, was the construction ofsocial housing built by private investors. Public grants were providedunder the conditions of rent control and public allocation procedures. Thesecond Housing Act was passed in 1956. A new direction in the financialprograms for social housing was developed. The government tried toencourage the construction of private houses rather than social housing. In addition, the rent control and public allocation procedures were mitigated. The law aimed to promote a market-oriented housing policy. In the samecontext, the third Act was passed in 1960. It would bring an end to rentcontrol. The underlying assumption was that the market would regulateitself best. The consistent tendency which can be found in all three laws is thatthe government put priority on the interests of the middle class andattempted to resolve the housing problem by strengthening the housingmarket rather than through public intervention.