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BielawskiChristopher W

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Elucidating the electrochemical activity of electrolyte-insoluble polysulfide species in lithium-sulfur batteries

Author(s)
Klein, Michael J.Goossens, KarelBielawski, Christopher W.Manthiram, Arumugam
Issued Date
2016-07
DOI
10.1149/2.0051610jes
URI
https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/20272
Fulltext
http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/163/9/A2109
Citation
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, v.163, no.9, pp.A2109 - A2116
Abstract
The direct synthesis of Li2 S2 , a proposed solid intermediate in the discharge of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, was accomplished by treating elemental lithium with sulfur in liquid ammonia at -41° C. The as-synthesized product was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and determined to be a mixture of crystalline Li2 S, amorphous Li2 S2, and higher-order polysulfides (Li2 Sx , x > 2). Monitored filtration followed by a tailored electrochemical approach was used to successfully remove the higher-order polysulfides and yielded a powder, which was determined by XPS to be comprised of 9 mol% insoluble polysulfide species (mainly Li2 S2 ) and 91 mol% Li2 S. This material was discharged galvanostatically in an electrochemical cell and, despite the lack of soluble polysulfide species, was shown to exhibit a discharge plateau at 2.1 V vs. Li/Li+ . This result confirmed the electrochemical reducibility of electrolyte-insoluble polysulfides in Li-S batteries. Moreover, it was determined that the reduction of solid polysulfides was confined to areas where the sulfur-sulfur bonds were in intimate contact with the conductive current collector. Finally, it was observed that commercially available Li2 S samples contain significant quantities of polysulfide-type impurities.
Publisher
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
ISSN
0013-4651
Keyword
METAL-AMMONIA SOLUTIONSLI-S BATTERIESPOTASSIUM POLYSULFIDESCATHODESYSTEMLI2S2IDENTIFICATIONPARTICLESMECHANISMSURFACE

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