Evolution of Phase and Morphology of Titanium Dioxide Induced from Peroxo Titanate Complex Aqueous Solution

Abstract

We demonstrate the growth of anatase TiO(2) in nanospheres and rutile TiO(2) in nanorods, by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at 100 degrees C using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area measurement techniques are used to characterize the phase and shape developments of TiO(2) obtained from peroxo titanate complex in an aqueous solution at 100 degrees C. Peroxo titanate complexes were prepared by a reaction of titanium hydroxide, formed by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP), and different amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). TEM and XRD investigations reveal that the size of spheres (anatase) and rods (rutile) are about 8 nm (diameter) and about 13 x 29 nm similar to 20 x 75 nm (width x length) respectively. The influence of molar ratio of H(2)O(2)/TTIP on the phase and morphology of TiO(2) is presented. A mixture of anatase spheres and short rutile rods are formed at low H(2)O(2)/TTIP ratio while predominantly rutile a quit long rods are formed at higher H(2)O(2)/TTIP ratio